足球比赛精神之五：为实现自由、快乐与平等而踢的巴西足球

北美洲的白人移民，于1775年向大不列颠帝国发出了‘宁死也要自由’的独立战争宣言。'Give me liberty, or give me death,' called for wars against British colonists for independence by those white men in North America 1775.

在南美洲的巴西，从1500-1888年被葡萄牙殖民者强迫到巴西的四百万非洲黑人奴隶，同样渴望自由。他们没钱没枪没炮，但通过无拘无束的桑巴舞和卡波埃拉，逃离残酷的现实，暂时抛开了烦恼，实现身体和心灵的短暂自由。In South America, 4 million slaves forced by Portuguese from Africa to Brazil between 1500-1888, pursed liberty physically and mentally via samba and capoeira. They performed the arts and the dancings with no restraints, utterly freed their bodies and threw their worries away, to express their free spirit and to escape cruel reality.

1894年英国移民的后代将足球引进巴西，但是仅限于上层社会的白人参与比赛和观看，黑人没有机会参与。 Football was introduced into Brazil 1894 by British decedents and popularized among those upper classes, most of them white. Blacks were excluded from that game initially. 

但黑人发现足球运动，像桑巴和卡波埃拉一样，具有逃避现实的功能；而且他们把足球动作结合桑巴和卡波埃拉，反而比白人踢的更好，还具有反抗压迫的功能。However, they fell in love with football and combined the sports with samba and capoeira, and evolved the game as 'a new medium for resistance, for endless expressionin a repressive society', claimed by a famous football author Mark Tsoir. 

黑人们逐渐爱上足球运动，在各种场地、或有鞋无鞋、或各种球状体，随心所欲，即兴发挥。从一开始，他们的足球就将竞技和娱乐完全融合，由此巴西黑人也从足球的运动的边缘者变成主流。Brazilan famous musician Jose Miguel Wisnik recorded that ‘balls were improvised, fields were improvised, and the gamewas fertile ground for the spirit of improvisation…. Blacks and people of mixed races developed an imaginative style of play that made competition and gratifying playfulness as inseparable, rose from exclusion and became thesports' main protagonists.'

此后，众多黑人或黑人与白人混血的著名球员逐渐涌现出来。最著名的当属球王贝利。但巴西人认为加林查比贝利踢的更好。加林查参加了三届世界杯足球赛，获得两次世界杯冠军。其中1962年，在第一场贝利负伤后，加林查成为了巴西队的领军人物，也获得了当届世界杯决赛阶段比赛的最佳球员，至今仍被誉为是世界最佳突破、最佳前锋的代表之一。Plenty of great footballers of mixed races or slaves' offspring put on Brazilian national team shirts. Among them, 'Pele is the best, but ‘even the better one and loved one by Brazilians’ is Manue Garrincha, reported by the author of 'Futebol: The Brazilian Way Life' Alex Bellos.Garrincha won the World Champions 1958 and led Brazil to the trophy in 1962 in which Pele was injuried after the 1st match and he was the MVP.

然而，由于其父亲严重酗酒导致加林查患有先天性小儿麻痹症：右脚向内撇，左脚比右脚短6公分。美奴-加林查是音译，实际意思是‘傻小鸟’，当然也是别名。加林查的个性像小孩，无拘无束，崇尚快乐，在球场上下均不遵守纪律。However, he was a disabled man, due to a childhood polio,most likely due to his Dad's dense drinking habit, with misshapen legs, rightleg bent inwards and left 6 cm shorter and curved outwards.Manue Garrincha, his nickname, meaning 'fool little bird', was carefree, joyful as well as undisciplined on and off the field.

加林查的俱乐部冠军教练允许其在场上踢任何位置。其1958年国家队主教练因为其在赛前热身赛对意大利佛罗伦萨的表现，将其放冷板凳两场。在该比赛中，其过了四个后卫和守门员后，面对空门不射，一直等到另一名防守球员赶到后，又过了他后才射门得分。His club coach allowed him to play any position he prefered during the game and his national team coach of 1958 suspended him for the first 2 matches of FWC1958, since he did not score an open goal after beating 4 defenders and the goalkeeper of Fiorentina of Italy in a friendly build-up, but waited for another defender to get back and then dribbled past him again before scoring.

加林查有过两次婚姻，此外还有各种婚外情和女朋友，在世界各地有14个孩子。他还严重酗酒，在一次酒驾车祸中直接导致其丈母娘死亡。14 children from 2 marriages and numerous affairs in and beyond Brazil called him father. He inherited his father's habit of heavy drinking and once caused a car crash killing his mother-in-law. 

巴西人民认为，贝利代表的是赢球文化，不是巴西文化。巴西文化是为踢而踢，为快乐而踢。加林查49岁死于酗酒导致的肝脏问题。‘人民的快乐’和‘跛脚的天使’，是巴西人民给加林查的另外两个外号，‘Pele symbolizes winning which is not Brazilian’s culture.Their culture is playing for playing’s sake and having fun.' Alex Bellos explained.'Joy of People', 'Angel with Bent Legs', other nick names of Garrincha, died of liver cancer at 49.

直到今天，巴西的种族平等还是一个大问题，非洲后裔或混血人对自由的追求还远远没有结束。足球，是一个体现平等和实现自由的载体，任由自己的快乐原则去踢，这也可能是巴西是世界上最大的球员出口国和世界杯夺冠次数最多的国家的秘密之一吧。Till today, race equality is still a challenge in Brazil and fighting for freedom remains the spirit of those African and mixed raced people. Maybe that is the reason why Brazil exports mroe footballers and won more world cups than any other nations. The free spirit is living.

From: FT Guardians FC